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David K
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MISSIONS over the years 1700 to 1840 on maps
Seeing the build up, then decline of missions on the peninsula is easy with the use of maps showing the mission locations.
I made a location map for every 20 years starting in 1700 and ending in 1840, the last year for the remaining missions except Santo Tomas (1849).
In the captions, I will list missions that moved or were removed during the 20 year periods.
1700 2 missions
1) Nuestra Seņora de Loreto Concho 1697-1829
2) San Francisco Javier de Biaundo 1699-1817 (moved 5 miles south in 1710)
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1720 8 missions
San Javier mission moved.
1) Nuestra Seņora de Loreto Concho 1697-1829
2) San Francisco Javier de Biaundo 1699-1817 (moved 5 miles south in 1710)
3) San Juan Bautista de Ligui/ Malibat 1705-1721
4) Santa Rosalia de Mulege 1705-1828
5) San Jose de Comondu 1708-1827 (moved 22 miles south in 1736)
6) La Purisima Concepcion de Cadegomo 1720-1822 (moved 10 miles south in 1735)
7a) Nuestra Seņora del Pilar de la Paz Airapi 1720-1748 (moved to Todos Santos in 1748)
8) Nuestra Seņora de Guadalupe de Huasinapi 1720-1795
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1740 13 missions
Ligui mission removed, and re-established as Dolores. Comondu mission moved. Purisima mission moved. Santiago mission moved. San Jose del Cabo mission
moved.
1) Nuestra Seņora de Loreto Concho 1697-1829
2) San Francisco Javier de Biaundo 1699-1817 (moved 5 miles south in 1710)
4) Santa Rosalia de Mulege 1705-1828
5) San Jose de Comondu 1708-1827 (moved 22 miles south in 1736)
6) La Purisima Concepcion de Cadegomo 1720-1822 (moved 10 miles south in 1735)
7a) Nuestra Seņora del Pilar de la Paz Airapi 1720-1748 (moved to Todos Santos in 1748)
8) Nuestra Seņora de Guadalupe de Huasinapi 1720-1795
9a) Nuestra Seņora de los Dolores Apate 1721-1741 (moved to La Pasion in 1741)
10) Santiago el Apostal Aiņini 1724-1795 (moved 2 miles south in 1734)
11) Nuestro Seņor San Ignacio Kadakaaman 1728-1840
12) San Jose del Cabo Aņuiti 1730-1840 (moved 5 miles north, then back, then 1 mile north)
13) Santa Rosa de las Palmas (Todos Santos) 1733-1748 (absorbed by moved La Paz mission in 1748)
14) San Luis Gonzaga Chiriyaqui 1737-1768
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1760 12 missions
La Paz mission moved. Santa Rosa mission removed. Dolores mission moved.
1) Nuestra Seņora de Loreto Concho 1697-1829
2) San Francisco Javier de Biaundo 1699-1817 (moved 5 miles south in 1710)
4) Santa Rosalia de Mulege 1705-1828
5) San Jose de Comondu 1708-1827 (moved 22 miles south in 1736)
6) La Purisima Concepcion de Cadegomo 1720-1822 (moved 10 miles south in 1735)
7b) Nuestra Seņora del Pilar de la Paz (Todos Santos) 1748-1840
8) Nuestra Seņora de Guadalupe de Huasinapi 1720-1795
9b) Nuestra Seņora de los Dolores Chilla (La Pasion) 1741-1768
10) Santiago el Apostal Aiņini 1724-1795 (moved 2 miles south in 1734)
11) Nuestro Seņor San Ignacio Kadakaaman 1728-1840
12*) San Jose del Cabo Aņuiti was reduced to visita status from 1748-1768, under the mission of Santiago.
14) San Luis Gonzaga Chiriyaqui 1737-1768
15) Santa Gertrudis de Cadacaman 1751-1822
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A big event year for California mission history was the 1767 royal order to replace the Jesuits in California with the Franciscans.
1767/1768 15 missions
In 1762, San Borja was founded and then four years later, the next mission north was founded at Calamajue. Just a few months were spent there before
the bad water forced a move 30 miles to the final site of the 17th and final Jesuit mission named Santa Maria de los Angeles.
1) Nuestra Seņora de Loreto Concho 1697-1829
2) San Francisco Javier de Biaundo 1699-1817 (moved 5 miles south in 1710)
4) Santa Rosalia de Mulege 1705-1828
5) San Jose de Comondu 1708-1827 (moved 22 miles south in 1736)
6) La Purisima Concepcion de Cadegomo 1720-1822 (moved 10 miles south in 1735)
7b) Nuestra Seņora del Pilar de la Paz (Todos Santos) 1748-1840
8) Nuestra Seņora de Guadalupe de Huasinapi 1720-1795
9b) Nuestra Seņora de los Dolores Chilla (La Pasion) 1741-1768
10) Santiago el Apostal Aiņini 1724-1795 (moved 2 miles south in 1734)
11) Nuestro Seņor San Ignacio Kadakaaman 1728-1840
*12) San Jose del Cabo Aņuiti 1730-1840 (moved 5 miles north, then back, then 1 mile north)
14) San Luis Gonzaga Chiriyaqui 1737-1768
15) Santa Gertrudis de Cadacaman 1751-1822
16) San Francisco de Borja Adac 1762-1818
17b) Santa Maria de los Angeles 1767-1769
*San Jose del Cabo was a visita of Santiago from 1748 to 1768
In their 71 years on the peninsula, the Jesuits founded 17 missions and only closed Ligui, Santa Rosa and San Jose del Cabo). Ligui was a failed site,
but Santa Rosa was prosperous. The La Paz mission being the oldest of the two absorbed Santa Rosa when it moved to there in 1748. The location was
generally called Todos Santos, the original name when it was a visita of La Paz before becoming a seperate mission of Santa Rosa. San Jose del Cabo
was reduced from mission to visita in 1748 to 1768. For financial resons it too was called abandoned, so funds could be directed to establish Santa
Gertrudis in 1751.
The Jesuits were removed by force early in 1768. The Franciscans, under orders by the governor-general, closed Los Dolores and San Luis Gonzaga,
moving the remaining Indians to Todos Santos. San Jose del Cabo was returned to full mission status in 1768.
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1780 16 missions
Jesuits removed from California in 1768 after establishing the 17th mission at Calamajue in 1766 and then moving it to Santa Maria in 1767.
Franciscans took over missions and removed Santa Maria in 1769. Dolores and San Luis Gonzaga were also removed by the governor general. Dominicans
took over Baja California missions in 1773.
1) Nuestra Seņora de Loreto Concho 1697-1829
2) San Francisco Javier de Biaundo 1699-1817 (moved 5 miles south in 1710)
4) Santa Rosalia de Mulege 1705-1828
5) San Jose de Comondu 1708-1827 (moved 22 miles south in 1736)
6) La Purisima Concepcion de Cadegomo 1720-1822 (moved 10 miles south in 1735)
7b) Nuestra Seņora del Pilar de la Paz (Todos Santos) 1748-1840
8) Nuestra Seņora de Guadalupe de Huasinapi 1720-1795
10) Santiago el Apostal Aiņini 1724-1795 (moved 2 miles south in 1734)
11) Nuestro Seņor San Ignacio Kadakaaman 1728-1840
12) San Jose del Cabo Aņuiti 1730-1840 (moved 5 miles north, then back, then 1 mile north)
15) Santa Gertrudis de Cadacaman 1751-1822
16) San Francisco de Borja Adac 1762-1818
18) San Fernando Velicata 1769-1818
19) Nuestra Seņora del Rosario Viņaraco 1774-1832 (Moved 2 miles west in 1802)
20) Santo Domingo 1775-1839 (Moved 2 miles east in 1793)
21) San Vicente Ferrer 1780-1833
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1800 18 missions
Guadalupe removed. Santiago removed.
1) Nuestra Seņora de Loreto Concho 1697-1829
2) San Francisco Javier de Biaundo 1699-1817 (moved 5 miles south in 1710)
4) Santa Rosalia de Mulege 1705-1828
5) San Jose de Comondu 1708-1827 (moved 22 miles south in 1736)
6) La Purisima Concepcion de Cadegomo 1720-1822 (moved 10 miles south in 1735)
7b) Nuestra Seņora del Pilar de la Paz (Todos Santos) 1748-1840
11) Nuestro Seņor San Ignacio Kadakaaman 1728-1840
12) San Jose del Cabo Aņuiti 1730-1840 (moved 5 miles north, then back, then 1 mile north)
15) Santa Gertrudis de Cadacaman 1751-1822
16) San Francisco de Borja Adac 1762-1818
18) San Fernando Velicata 1769-1818
19) Nuestra Seņora del Rosario Viņaraco 1774-1832 (Moved 2 miles west in 1802)
20) Santo Domingo 1775-1839 (Moved 2 miles east in 1793)
21) San Vicente Ferrer 1780-1833
22) San Miguel Arcangel 1787-1834 (moved 7 miles west in 1788)
23) Santo Tomas de Aquino 1791-1849 (moved 1 mile northeast in 1794, and 2 miles east in 1799)
24) San Pedro Martir de Verona 1794-1806 (moved 7 miles south and nearly 2,000' lower in elevation, after 3 months)
25) Santa Catalina Virgen y Martir 1797-1840
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1820 15 missions
Mexico declared its independence from Spain in 1810. Over the next several years during the war, supplies to the missions were greatly reduced.
San Javier removed. San Borja removed. San Fernando removed. San Pedro Martir removed.
1) Nuestra Seņora de Loreto Concho 1697-1829
4) Santa Rosalia de Mulege 1705-1828
5) San Jose de Comondu 1708-1827 (moved 22 miles south in 1736)
6) La Purisima Concepcion de Cadegomo 1720-1822 (moved 10 miles south in 1735)
7b) Nuestra Seņora del Pilar de la Paz (Todos Santos) 1748-1840
11) Nuestro Seņor San Ignacio Kadakaaman 1728-1840
12) San Jose del Cabo Aņuiti 1730-1840 (moved 5 miles north, then back, then 1 mile north)
15) Santa Gertrudis de Cadacaman 1751-1822
19) Nuestra Seņora del Rosario Viņaraco 1774-1832 (Moved 2 miles west in 1802)
20) Santo Domingo 1775-1839 (Moved 2 miles east in 1793)
21) San Vicente Ferrer 1780-1833
22) San Miguel Arcangel 1787-1834 (moved 7 miles west in 1788)
23) Santo Tomas de Aquino 1791-1849 (moved 1 mile northeast in 1794, and 2 miles east in 1799)
25) Santa Catalina Virgen y Martir 1797-1840
26) El Descanso 1817-1834 (Also called 'San Miguel Nuevo', moved 1/2 mile north in 1830)
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1840 6 missions
The final year of operations for all the remaining Baja missions, except Santo Tomas (1849).
7b) Nuestra Seņora del Pilar de la Paz (Todos Santos) 1748-1840
11) Nuestro Seņor San Ignacio Kadakaaman 1728-1840
12) San Jose del Cabo Aņuiti 1730-1840 (moved 5 miles north, then back, then 1 mile north
23) Santo Tomas de Aquino 1791-1849 (moved 1 mile northeast in 1794, and 2 miles east in 1799)
25) Santa Catalina Virgen y Martir 1797-1840
27) Nuestra Seņora de Guadalupe 1834-1840
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The Jesuits had 15 missions in operation at the time of their being removed. Only the missions at Ligui and La Paz were abandoned, but both were
relocated (Dolores and Todos Santos). The mission already at Todos Santos (Santa Rosa) became part of the moved La Paz mission.
The Dominicans completed the started stone mission church at San Ignacio and built the stone churches at Santa Gertrudis and San Borja. All the
mission buildings north of San Borja were made of adobe, and have fallen into ruin or nearly vanished from the elements.
For more details on the 27 Baja missions, as well as photos of most sites: http://vivabaja.com/bajamissions
[Edited on 5-16-2012 by David K]
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Mexitron
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Nice time-lapse David! Good metaphor for the lifetimes of empires.....
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David K
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| Quote: | Originally posted by Mexitron
Nice time-lapse David! Good metaphor for the lifetimes of empires..... |
Thanks Steve,
I wanted to make a visual display of the population centers on the peninsula founded by Europeans. The sites of 1820 have remained population centers
today. Santa Gertrudis being the smallest, followed by Santa Catalina (re-named Santa Catarina by the Mexicans).
I welcome comments or corrections...
David
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drpsp71
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David, Your history of the history is lovely and fascinating, not least for the love of the hard work! Thank you. Penny
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Ateo
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Interesting. My daughter is doing her mission project right now. I'll show her this.
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David K
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Location: San Diego County
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| Quote: | Originally posted by ateo
Interesting. My daughter is doing her mission project right now. I'll show her this. |
Do show her the mission web page that I have worked on for some time, and includes many photos from Nomads such as Jack Swords... http://vivabaja.com/bajamissions
The California mission chain started in Baja, yet the California schools don't put much or any effort to teach this. San Diego was the 19th California
mission, not the first! 
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David K
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Three missions were closed during the Jesuit time on the peninsula, Ligui (Malibat), San Jose del Cabo, and Santa Rosa (Todos Santos).
Ligui was closed, but the mission population was moved to a new mission of Los Dolores using new funds, thus a new name. Santa Rosa didn't fail, the
older mission at La Paz simply absorbed it when it moved from the Bay of La Paz to 'Todos Santos' (which was originally a visita of La Paz before
becoming a seperate mission of 'Santa Rosa de las Palmas'. San Jose del Cabo was reduced from mission to visita status in 1748. The Franciscans would
return it to mission status in 1768.
[Edited on 4-13-2012 by David K]
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David K
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A mission was like a business, an organization, a corporation... not just the church building. However, the church for the mission was the largest
structure and the best built... designed to impress the locals!
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David K
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MISSIONS that operated over 100 years
Interesting is that the first California mission of Loreto was also the longest operating mission....
The 7 Longest Operating Missions in Baja California (over 100 years):
1) LORETO, 132 years (1697-1829)
2) SANTA ROSALIA DE MULEGE, 123 years (1705-1828)
3) PILAR DE LA PAZ/TODOS SANTOS, 120 years (1720-1748 then moved to Todos Santos from 1748-1840)*
4) COMONDU, 119 years (1708-1827)
5) SAN JAVIER, 118 years (1699-1817)
6) SAN IGNACIO, 112 years (1728-1840)
7) LA PURISIMA, 102 years (1720-1822)
* The mission of Santa Rosa de las Palmas was at Todos Santos for 15 years from 1733 to 1748, when the senior mission of Pilar de la Paz moved to
there.
Before 1733, Todos Santos was a visita of the La Paz mission. The original name ('Todos Santos') was generally how the La Paz mission was called after
1748.
San Jose del Cabo (1730-1840) was not a mission for 20 years of its life (1748-1768) when it was reduced to being a visita of Santiago. Thus being a
mission for 90 vs. 110 years.
[Edited on 4-13-2012 by David K]
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Ateo
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My daughter just finished her California missions report. Wish she could've done it on Baja missions.
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David K
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| Quote: | Originally posted by ateo
My daughter just finished her California missions report. Wish she could've done it on Baja missions. |
Yes, then she would have a unique report... the FIRST 18 California missions were on the peninsula (which was the first 'California')... We in the
U.S. part are in Alta California. Yup, California and Alta California were the names originally. Funny how things turned around!
The San Diego mission was the 19th California mission! 
Someday, I hope to see the mission kits for the Baja missions... at least the stone ones that remain standing today: San Borja, Santa Gertrudis, San
Ignacio, Santa Rosalia de Mulege, Loreto, San Javier, & San Luis Gonzaga.
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David K
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The Shortest Operating Missions
Above, I listed 7 missions that operated over 100 years. Now, here are 6 missions that operated less than 20 years:
1) SANTA MARIA (2 locations): 3 years (1766-1769)
2) GUADALUPE (del Norte): 6 years (1834-1840)
3) SAN PEDRO MARTIR (2 locations): 12 years (1794-1806)
4) SANTA ROSA DE LAS PALMAS: 15 years (1733-1748)
5) LIGUI/MALIBAT: 16 years (1705-1721)
6) EL DESCANSO (2 locations): 17 years (1817-1834)
[Edited on 4-13-2012 by David K]
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Jack Swords
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Nice perspective, David. Certainly shows the frailty of the human condition. Thanks.
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David K
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So Jack, any new discoveries of mission visita sites? Did you ever find anything at San Hilario, 100 km. north from La Paz (Jesuit mission gardens)?
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Jack Swords
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San Hilario was a bust. Some ranches, no one knew anything. No evidence of historical importance. Hiked up to Angel de la Guarda yesterday and
enjoyed seeing again the old ruins. Guava trees had no fruit, but lots of water and frogs croaking. Thinking of going back to La Pasion and poking
around there. Let you know.
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David K
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| Quote: | Originally posted by Jack Swords
San Hilario was a bust. Some ranches, no one knew anything. No evidence of historical importance. Hiked up to Angel de la Guarda yesterday and
enjoyed seeing again the old ruins. Guava trees had no fruit, but lots of water and frogs croaking. Thinking of going back to La Pasion and poking
around there. Let you know. |
Sounds good.
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Jack Swords
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Just got back from BCS...lots of off road exploring. New Ocio hacienda, Gonzaga is the same, but with street lights. La Presa rancho is fenced off
and developed into hotel (nobody there, duh!), La Pasion is completely destroyed and covered with a goat ranch (didn't have far to go, sadly it was
never protected) Roads confusing as usual so getting a GPS "puck" receiver to integrate with our netbook using Google Earth and maps. Ranchers and
folks living in the outback are the greatest.
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David K
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Location: San Diego County
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| Quote: | Originally posted by Jack Swords
Just got back from BCS...lots of off road exploring. New Ocio hacienda, Gonzaga is the same, but with street lights. La Presa rancho is fenced off
and developed into hotel (nobody there, duh!), La Pasion is completely destroyed and covered with a goat ranch (didn't have far to go, sadly it was
never protected) Roads confusing as usual so getting a GPS "puck" receiver to integrate with our netbook using Google Earth and maps. Ranchers and
folks living in the outback are the greatest. |
Glad you could photograph La Pasion before it was covered up/ destroyed! It joins Ligui, La Paz, and perhaps Santiago, San Jose del Cabo, and Todos
Santos as being missions whose original Spanish foundations are gone...?
In the north, Santo Tomas (all three locations) are nearly gone.
Here is the first site, July 2011:
In 1977, the same site:
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David K
Honored Nomad
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Just did some editing on the map lists... details on San Jose del Cabo... From 1748 to 1768 it was reduced from mission status to being just a visita
of the Santiago mission. The Jesuits called it 'abandoned' in 1748 so funds could be used for founding a new mission to the north, Santa Gertrudis, in
1751. That was the wishes of the benefactor, who also provided the new mission's name, as it was planned to be called 'Dolores del Norte'.
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thebajarunner
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We spent some time at San Borja last week,
it is so dramatic to reflect on what life must have been like 200 years ago in such primitive settings.
Also, the tremendous, and sad, drop in the indigenous population from the time of first establishment of the missions on into the next few decades.
Great report as always, my friend
D
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