4x4abc
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2nd Santa Maria Mission site?
ran across this Santa Maria note:
Cabujakaamang, Cabuja-camang ("arroyo of crags") - second Santa Mar�a mission site. Barco 1973:351; Clavijero 1937:364, 1970:228; Massey 1949:292,
300-301.
http://www.sandiegoarchaeology.org/Laylander/Baja/index1.htm
David?
Harald Pietschmann
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4x4abc
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is this the answer?
The 17th and last Jesuit mission (Calamajue/ Santa Maria) was founded on Oct. 16, 1766, and moved 7 months later to Santa Maria.
Harald Pietschmann
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g��ribo
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Hello, 4x4.
Calamaju� was the first site of Mission Santa Mar�a de los �ngeles, a site which proved unsuitable for crops because the water was so heavily
mineralized.
When the mission (sometimes it's classified as a visita) of Calamaju� failed, the Jesuit priests found a new site to the north, where they established
Mission Santa Mar�a. Calamaju� then became a way station for pack trains and passers-through.
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El Sauz
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Cabujakaamang was the Cohimi name for the site which would become Santa Maria.
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David K
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Harald, you have THE BOOK... open to page 52...
But, because you are interested in more... HERE is the expanded chapter that may be in the next book I am working on...
#17 Nuestra Se�ora de Columna (Calamaju�) /Santa Mar�a de los �ngeles (1766-1775)
The 17th and final Jesuit California mission was founded by Padre Victoriano Arn�s and Padre Juan Jos� Diez, at a site called Calagnujuet. The Cochim�
name was soon modified to Calamaju� (Cala-ma-WAY). In Johann Jakob Baegert�s 1772 book, �Observations in Lower California�, he provides the founding
name of the mission as being Nuestra Se�ora de Columna. �Columna� also appears on a map in the German publication, but typically this mission was
called Calamaju�. Some historians only consider Calamaju� as being a visita (satellite visiting station) of Mission San Borja, but the documents seem
to show otherwise.
The running stream at Calamaju� was first discovered by Padre Fernando Consag in 1753 on his third expedition, and revisited by Padre Wenceslao Linck
on April 12, 1766. Linck had recently discovered a fine future mission site called Velicat� during his 1766 expedition. The distance to Velicat� from
San Borja was too great in a potentially hostile region, and Calamaju� was the only possible mission site known to the Jesuits between the other two.
Using funds provided by the Duchess of Gand�a, Do�a Mar�a de Borja (of the famous Borgia family in Spain) the Jesuit Padre Visitador Lamberto Hostell
gave the order for a mission at Calamaju� to be founded.
On October 16, 1766, Arn�s and Diez arrived at the site after traveling for two days from San Borja with 10 soldiers and 50 neophytes. The Calamaju�
site is on the side of a broad arroyo where a year-round stream emerges from a canyon. The water is heavily mineralized and undrinkable, although the
local Cochim� natives survived on it. Wells were dug to provide drinking water from over a mile away. The padres hoped the minerals in the stream
would serve as fertilized for crops they would plant.
Soon construction of an adobe chapel, a storehouse, and residence for the missionaries was begun. Shacks were made for the soldiers� quarters. Only
one wooden door was available and it was used for the storehouse. 200 Indians were baptized in the first months at the new mission. Not long after the
founding, Padre Diez became quite ill and returned to San Borja. Arn�s continued on at Calamaju� without Diez and soon had a confrontation with a
tribe from a place called Cagnajuet, 70 miles north. The men of Cagnajuet became angry when young women from their rancher�a joined the mission. The
men of Cagnajuet conspired with the Cochim� at Velicat� to kill the missionaries and soldiers. The Velicat� Cochim� had remembered the kindness of
Padre Linck several months earlier and wanted no part in bringing harm to the Spanish. Juan Nepomuceno was the Cochim� neophyte governor at Calamaju�.
He sent six well armed neophytes to Cagnajuet, captured the troublemakers, and brought them to the mission. Padre Arn�s interceded and spared the
prisoners from the lash, thus gaining their friendship and converting them into Christians.
Wheat was planted, but when irrigated with the Arroyo Calamaju� water, it withered and died. The soil became white with the salts from the stream. The
mission could not survive any longer at Calamaju� and seven months after Mission Nuestra Se�ora de Columna was founded, Padre Victoriano Arn�s
discovered a better location with good water. It was 30 miles away and called in the Cochim� language: Cabujakaamang. There was not much area to
cultivate crops, but the fine bay of San Luis Gonzaga was nearby and it was reasoned that seafood could supplement their diet.
The mission was moved in May, 1767 to Cabujakaamang and renamed Santa Mar�a de los �ngeles. When missions were moved, a complete name change was rare.
This may have led to some confusion with writers about the relationship between Calamaju� and Santa Mar�a. They were indeed one mission, but at two
locations. This was a new beginning for what would turn out to be the last mission center founded by the Jesuits. Orders for the Jesuits expulsion
from the New World had already been made and were in route to Mexico from Spain.
The new site had limited resources but palms provided wood for building shacks which served as a chapel and residence for the missionary and his
soldiers. Wheat and cotton were planted and in good condition when the expulsion orders arrived in January, 1768. Santa Mar�a had 300 neophytes
(baptized Indians) and 30 catechumen (Indians preparing for baptism) at the time of the expulsion.
Almost four months had passed following the removal of the Jesuits before the Franciscans arrived to resume mission functions. Padre Juan Leon de
Medina Beitia (also spelled Beytia or Veitia) arrived in May, 1768. He found Santa Mar�a was lacking a suitable church, so he had one erected of adobe
and roofed with tules. Next to it, a two-room adobe dwelling was constructed as well as a barn which served as a storage room.
By April 14, 1769, almost a year of isolation and lack of provisions at Santa Mar�a, had caused Padre Beitia to remove himself to Mission San Ignacio.
To fill the void at Santa Mar�a, San Borja�s Padre Fermin Francisco de Lausen, traveled to Santa Mar�a. Padre Andr�s Villumbrales had been assigned to
Mission San Luis Gonzaga, but when it was closed he was sent to San Borja to assist Lausen. Padre Lausen was now dividing his time between two
missions.
Franciscan President Jun�pero Serra, during his expedition to Alta California, was at Santa Mar�a from May 5 to May 11, 1769. Serra examined the
lonely mission and found it had potential greater than the reports he had read. Serra�s opinion to further develop Santa Mar�a changed however after
he arrived at Velicat�, 3 days later. On May 14, 1769, Serra founded Mission San Fernando, at Velicat�. Serra had a cargo trail constructed from San
Luis Gonzaga Bay to San Fernando, passing just north of Santa Mar�a�s valley. The Camino Real route was also improved between Calamaju� and Santa
Mar�a by moving it from the bottom of the deep canyon, east of the mission, and placing on top of the north rim of the canyon.
The highest population recorded at Mission Santa Mar�a was 523 in September, 1771. Five families and four single young men lived at the mission center
and the others lived in various rancher�as surrounding the mission. In a report from February 12, 1772, Padre Francisco Pal�u states that Mission
Santa Mar�a loaned one of its bells to Mission San Fernando de Velicat� to serve that new mission�s needs. In 1772, an unnamed epidemic caused the
population to drop, and just 317 neophytes where living in the Santa Mar�a territory in 1773. In 1774, a final census at Mission Santa Mar�a recorded
485 neophytes. By 1775 the mission�s neophytes were relocated to Mission San Fernando and Santa Mar�a became just an outpost on El Camino Real.
At the first site (Calamaju�) only the outlines of the adobe walled church and other buildings remain today. Calamaju� is accessed on a dirt road, 13
miles east and then south from Coco�s Corner (a junction on Hwy. 5, 13 miles north of Laguna Chapala and 23 miles south of Bah�a San Luis Gonzaga).
The adobe ruins at Santa Mar�a are most impressive, perhaps because of its remoteness and dry climate. The 14 mile �extreme� dirt road to Santa Mar�a
begins at Rancho Santa Ynez (near Catavi�a on Hwy. 1) and is known as one of the roughest 4WD trails in Baja California.
Additional photos and road log for Santa Mar�a at http://vivabaja.com/msm and http://vivabaja.com/msm2010
[Edited on 4-11-2015 by David K]
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