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David K
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Baja's Spanish Missions & Photos (the years each operated)
>>> APRIL 2009 and AUGUST 2009 UPDATED DATA with PHOTOS of all mission sites from past and present are now here: BAJA's MISSIONS & VISITAS (new link)
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NOTE: this is a repost from June, 2004 to spawn new discussion on the fascinating history of Baja... the original California! The latest facts and
mission details are on the revised pages, here: http://vivabaja.com/missions1/
The Jesuits established 17 missions during their period in Baja California. The Franciscans just one at San Fernando Velicata. The Dominicans
established 9, however Dr. Jackson says the last two (Descanso and Guadalupe del Norte) were new locations for San Miguel mission, and not 'seperate'
missions.
The Franciscans and Dominicans did build at the Jesuit founded missions: Santa Maria's adobe church was built by the Franciscans. San Borja and Santa
Gertrudis stone churches were built by the Dominicans and the stone San Ignacio church was completed by the Dominicans.
As missions were established and abandoned the actual total number on the peninsula at any one time makes an interesting list.
I will use Ed Vernon's excellent book LAS MISIONES ANTIGUAS for dates. New missions will be all CAPS and just the short version of the mission name is
used. When the list shrinks, that year a mission was abandoned. Ligui was the first to be abandoned, in 1721. However, the inhabitants were moved that
year to the new mission of Dolores.
1697 (1): LORETO
1699 (2): SAN JAVIER, Loreto
1705 (4): LIGUI, MULEGE, San Javier, Loreto
1708 (5): COMONDU, Mulege, Ligui, San Javier, Loreto
1720 (8): LA PURISIMA, LA PAZ, GUADALUPE (DEL SUR), Comondu, Mulege, Ligui, San Javier, Loreto
1721 (8): DOLORES, La Purisima, La Paz, Guadalupe, Comondu, Mulege, San Javier, Loreto. [Ligui abandoned]
1724 (9): SANTIAGO, Dolores, La Purisima, La Paz, Guadalupe, Comondu, Mulege, San Javier, Loreto
1728 (10):SAN IGNACIO, Santiago, Dolores, La Purisima, La Paz, Guadalupe, Comondu, Mulege, San Javier, Loreto
1730 (11): SAN JOSE DEL CABO, San Ignacio, Santiago, Dolores, La Purisima, La Paz, Guadalupe, Comondu, Mulege, San Javier, Loreto
1733 (12): SANTA ROSA (Todos Santos), San Jose del Cabo, San Ignacio, Santiago, Dolores, La Purisima, La Paz, Guadalupe, Comondu, Mulege, San Javier,
Loreto
1737 (13): SAN LUIS GONZAGA, Santa Rosa, San Jose del Cabo, San Ignacio, Santiago, Dolores, La Purisima, La Paz, Guadalupe, Comondu, Mulege, San
Javier, Loreto
1748 (12): La Paz mission was moved to Todos Santos (Santa Rosa) and the two missions blended into one, called 'PILAR'*. Total: 12 missions
* This is a simplistic answer for a much more complex situation at Todos Santos, possible fodder for a seperate article.
1751 (13): SANTA GERTRUDIS (orig. to be called Dolores del Norte), San Luis Gonzaga, Pilar, San Jose del Cabo, San Ignacio, Santiago, Dolores, La
Purisima, Guadalupe, Comondu, Mulege, San Javier, Loreto (13 missions)
1762 (14): SAN BORJA, Santa Gertrudis, San Luis Gonzaga, Pilar, San Jose del Cabo, San Ignacio, Santiago, Dolores, La Purisima, Guadalupe, Comondu,
Mulege, San Javier, Loreto (14 missions)
1766 (15): CALAMAJUE (but moved in 1767 and named SANTA MARIA DE LOS ANGELES), San Borja, Santa Gertrudis, San Luis Gonzaga, Pilar, San Jose del Cabo,
San Ignacio, Santiago, Dolores, La Purisima, Guadalupe, Comondu, Mulege, San Javier, Loreto (Total 15 missions operating)
1768 (13): JESUITS removed from the New World. Their 15 missions (that year) were reduced to 13 with the ordered closing of San Luis Gonzaga and
Dolores by the Spanish government. Only Ligui and La Paz had been abandoned during their period in Baja California.
1769 (13): SAN FERNANDO was founded by the Franciscan Junipero Serra on his way to San Diego. Santa Maria was reduced in status from a mission to a
visita. Total net 13 missions.
1774: DOMINICANS take over from the Franciscans who expand into Alta California, and establish ROSARIO (14 on the peninsula this year)
1775: SANTO DOMINGO (15 total missions operating)
1780: SAN VICENTE (16)
1787: SAN MIGUEL (17)
1791: SANTO TOMAS (18)
1794: SAN PEDRO MARTIR (total 19 missions operating this year, the maximum in Baja California)
1795: Guadalupe del Sur and Santiago are abandoned (17 total)
1797: SANTA CATALINA founded (18 total)
1817: DESCANSO founded and San Javier abandoned (18 total)
1818: San Borja, San Fernando abandoned (16 total)
1822: La Purisima, Santa Gertrudis abandoned (14 total)
1824: San Pedro Martir abandoned ( 13 total )
1827: Comondu abandoned ( 12 total )
1828: Mulege abandoned ( 11 total )
1829: Loreto abandoned ( 10 total )
1832: Rosario abandoned ( 9 total )
1833: San Vicente, San Miguel abandoned (7 total)
1834: GUADALUPE (DEL NORTE) founded, Descanso abandoned. Remaining missions still operating this year: San Ignacio, San Jose del Cabo, Santo Domingo,
Santo Tomas, Santa Catarina, Pilar (Todos Santos) TOTAL in 1834: 7
Of interest, Guadalupe del Norte was the last California mission founded (Baja and Alta).
Note: Various authors have various dates for the missions' operation.
The last mission officially operating was Santo Tomas, until 1849. The others that were still open all closed in 1839 to 1840.
SEE THE MISSIONS: http://www.vivabaja.com/missions1/
[Edited on 4-28-2009 by David K]
[Edited on 8-12-2009 by David K]
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David K
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What you will see if you go, or would have seen if you wait too long!!! (photos from Jack Swords, Kevin Clough, Ed Vernon, Robert Jckson and myself
found at vivabaja.com/bajamissions)
Here are the first 11 of the 27 missions (note there were often more than one site for each mission)
LORETO
SAN JAVIER
LIGUI (foundation washed away in 2001 hurricane)
MULEGE
COMONDU
LA PURISIMA
LA PAZ (no ruins, only a plaque to mark a possible location)
GUADALUPE (del Sur)
DOLORES
SANTIAGO (foundation stones only at one site)
SAN IGNACIO
[Edited on 11-7-2007 by David K]
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David K
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The next 9 missions...
SAN JOSE DEL CABO (no ruins, 1918 photo)
SANTA ROSA (TODOS SANTOS)
SAN LUIS GONZAGA
SANTA GERTRUDIS
SAN BORJA
SANTA MARIA
SAN FERNANDO
ROSARIO
SANTO DOMINGO
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David K
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The final missions in Baja...
SAN VICENTE
SAN MIGUEL
SANTO TOMAS
SAN PEDRO MARTIR
SANTA CATALINA (some foundation stones, small amount of adobe)
DESCANSO (floor tiles, foundation stones)
GUADALUPE (del Norte) (no mission ruins)
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bajadock
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David, thanks for inspiring me to visit. Wonderful history.
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David K
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De nada... 27 mission sites shown above, but many more ruins at second locations or of visitas (mission visiting stations).
I have new photos taken at Santa Catalina mission ( now at the end of http://vivabaja.com/606 ).
[Edited on 8-12-2009 by David K]
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bajalera
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Nice collection of info and photos, DK.
\"Very few things happen at the right time, and the rest never happen at all. The conscientious historian will correct these defects.\" -
Mark Twain
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bacquito
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Thanks, I hope to get involved.
bacquito
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Mexitron
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David--did you ever get back to check out the bulldozed visita near Rancho Metate?
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David K
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Visita of San Juan de Dios
| Quote: | Originally posted by Mexitron
David--did you ever get back to check out the bulldozed visita near Rancho Metate? |
No, have not been there since Neal Johns and John M reported the site destroyed by a farmer's tractor.
I visited the site twice (2000 & 2003).
Here is a photo that Jack Swords took in 2003 >>>
[Edited on 11-25-2007 by David K]
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David K
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Another from Jack Swords...
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David K
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One more taken by Jack in November, 2003 at San Juan de Dios, an important visiting station of Mision San Fernando Velicata...
Also, the place where Fr. Junipero Serra rested on his 1769 walk from Loreto to Alta California while a muleteer treated his infected leg with a
poultice he uses for mules with bad leg injuries!
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Mexitron
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That was it--don't know why I couldn't think of the name San Juan Del Dios...gotta get back there exploring the area again before I forget everything!
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academicanarchist
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David K please send me an e-mail
David K. Please send me an e-mail as soon as you can. The one I have for you seems to no longer work. Thanks. AA
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David K
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| Quote: | Originally posted by academicanarchist
David K. Please send me an e-mail as soon as you can. The one I have for you seems to no longer work. Thanks. AA |
Will do Robert, but just in case others want to email me... in my web site is an email address given to contact me: info*at*vivabaja.com put Baja in
the subject line and I will reply from my msn email server as 'baja4me'.
U2U here on Nomad is another way to contact me off the forums.
[Edited on 7-3-2008 by David K]
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David K
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Dolores del Norte?
Some notes...
Some maps or books will have a mission north of San Ignacio called 'Dolores del Norte'. The adobe ruins of the visita of San Pablo (east of Vizcaino)
are usually the site misnamed Dolores del Norte... Even INAH calls the site 'Dolores del Norte'.
When Choral Pepper, Erle Stanley Gardner and others dropped into San Francisco de la Sierra by helicopter in 1964 they were told the impressive stone
walls were the remains of the Dolores mission.
Dr. Robert Jackson (academicanarchist) has concluded that the next mission north of San Ignacio was to be named Dolores del Norte, but when funding
arrived to start construction the name was changed to Santa Gertrudis.
The adobe ruins at San Pablo were a visita of Santa Gertrudis. The site of San Francisco de la Sierra may have been an early choice for 'Dolores' and
was a visita of San Ignacio, but lacked sufficient water to be a successful mission site. The name 'Dolores' survived through the ages of story
telling from when the Arce clan moved to the sierra, starting as a Spanish solder given a grant of land at the end of his service to the king.
Because Jesuit documents and the 1757 map shows a mission of Dolores del Norte, modern authors have concluded that it is either a lost mission or the
San Pablo ruins.
Look betwen the A and L in CALIFORNIA to see Mision de los Dolores del Norte, 'started':
An English version of that map:
[Edited on 2-10-2009 by David K]
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David K
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Name that mission
This mission existed for only 7 months before it was moved many miles away... Some books count it as a seperate mission and new books only call it a
visita (as it was before and after the 7 months it was a mission, here).
Name the site:
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BAJACAT
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!CALAMAJUE!
BAJA IS WHAT YOU WANTED TO BE, FUN,DANGEROUS,INCREDIBLE, REMOTE, EXOTIC..JUST GO AND HAVE FUN.....
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David K
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CORRECTO!!!
The new mission of Santa Maria first was at Calamajue, then after the climate dried, the heavily mineralized stream was less diluted and crops
failed... so the move was made.
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BAJACAT
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| Quote: | Originally posted by David K
CORRECTO!!!
The new mission of Santa Maria first was at Calamajue, then after the climate dried, the heavily mineralized stream was less diluted and crops
failed... so the move was made. |
BAJA IS WHAT YOU WANTED TO BE, FUN,DANGEROUS,INCREDIBLE, REMOTE, EXOTIC..JUST GO AND HAVE FUN.....
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