CasaManzana
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NY TIMES 5/26: "Mexico's war on drugs and the killing of the police" article
NY Times - May 26, 2008
Mexico’s War Against Drugs Kills Its Police
By JAMES C. McKINLEY Jr.
MEXICO CITY — The
assassination was an inside job. The federal police commander kept his schedule secret and slept in a different place each night, yet the killer had
the keys to the official’s apartment and was waiting for him when he arrived after midnight.
When the commander, Commissioner Édgar Millán Gómez, the acting chief of the federal police, died with eight bullets in his chest on May 8, it sent
chills through a force that had increasingly found itself a target.
The police say the gunman had been hired by a disgruntled federal police officer who worked for a drug cartel in Sinaloa State, and the inside nature
of the killing underscored just how difficult it is for President Felipe Calderón to keep his vow to clean up police corruption and end the
drug-related violence racking Mexico.
Since coming to office in December 2006, Mr. Calderón has sought to revamp and professionalize the federal police force, using it, with the army, to
mount huge interventions in cities and states once controlled by drug traffickers.
The result has been mayhem: a street war in which no target has been too big, no attack too brazen for the gangs.
Opposition politicians and even some police officials have begun to question whether the president’s ambition has exceeded his grasp, with dangerous
and destabilizing consequences for a country that shares a
2,000-mile border with the United States. Bush administration officials have said Mr. Calderón’s efforts might founder unless the United States
Congress approves a $1.4 billion package of equipment and training over
three years for Mexico’s police.
Top security officials who were once thought untouchable have been gunned down in Mexico City, four in the last month alone. Drug dealers killed
another seven federal agents this year in retaliation for drug busts in border towns. Others have died in shootouts.
Drug traffickers have killed at least 170 local police officers as
well, among them at least a score of municipal police commanders, since Mr. Calderón took office. Some were believed to have been corrupt officers who
had sold out to drug gangs and were killed by rival gangsters, investigators say. Others were killed for doing their jobs.
The president has vowed to stay the course, portraying the violence among gangs and attacks on the police as a sign of success rather than failure.
The government has smashed the cartels, he says, forcing a war among the splinter groups. The killing of Commissioner Millán, he has
said, was “a desperate act to weaken the federal police.”
“What it signifies is a strategy of some criminal organizations who seek to terrorize society and paralyze the government,” he said last week. “The
question is, should we persevere and go forward or simply hide in our offices and duck our heads. No way is the Mexican government going to back down
in such a fight.”
The violence between drug cartels that Mr. Calderón has sought to end has only worsened over the past year and a half. The death toll has jumped 47
percent to 1,378 this year, prosecutors say. All told, 4,125 people have been killed in drug violence since Mr. Calderón took office.
But the steady drumbeat of police killings has caused more shock here. On Wednesday, for instance, the second in command of the police in Morelos
State and his driver were found dead in the trunk of a car. A placard on the bodies warned against joining the Sinaloa Cartel.
Several terrified local police chiefs have resigned, the most recent being Guillermo Prieto, the chief in Ciudad Juárez, who stepped down last week
after his second in command was killed a few days earlier.
“It is not just happening in Ciudad Juárez,” Mayor José Reyes
Ferriz, said at the funeral for the deputy commander, Juan Antonio Roman García. “It’s happening in Nuevo Laredo, in Tijuana, in this entire region.
They are attacking top commanders to destabilize thepolice.”
One reason for the surge in violence is that Mr. Calderón and his public security minister, Genaro García Luna, have upset longstanding arrangements
between the police and drug traffickers at every level of government, several experts on crime in Mexico said.
Last year, Mr. García Luna removed 284 federal police commanders across the country, replacing them with his own handpicked officers, many from
outside the force, who had been trained at a new academy and who had been closely vetted for signs of corruption.
He has also restructured the department, demoting dozens of career officers and putting in command people he trusts — a small circle of highly
educated outsiders, most with a background in the military or in Mexico’s espionage service.
Most of these commanders also served under Mr. García Luna in the previous administration of President Vicente Fox as part of the Federal
Investigation Agency, or A.F.I., an elite force modeled on the F.B.I.
The agency showed results. President Fox’s government arrested several of the country’s most notorious drug kingpins, among them Osiel Cárdenas,
leader of the Gulf Cartel, and Benjamín Arellano Félix, who
controlled Tijuana. The arrests caused turmoil inside the cartels and turf wars among them.
When he took office, President Calderón merged the investigative agency with the existing federal police force and put Mr. García Luna in charge. Over
the past 18 months, the new force has recruited heavily among college students and former soldiers. The government has raised
the starting pay for officers and greatly improved training.
But even with about 3,000 new recruits, the Calderón administration has yet to purge the force of thousands of career officers with roots in the old
force, which was rife with corruption. Many of these officers have dubious loyalties and made money from graft, especially those assigned to highways,
ports and airports, according to
criminologists and police officials.
“To train these people and get them out on the streets is going to take at least a couple of years,” said Bruce Bagley, a professor at Miami
University who has studied drug trafficking throughout Latin America. “That leaves much of the rotten core of the police still in place.”
At the same time, Mr. Calderón and his predecessor have largely dismantled the state security apparatus that kept an iron grip on Mexico for decades
when it was ruled by a single party, the Institutional Revolutionary Party. The Intelligence Agency and the Interior Ministry have been stripped of
their extensive networks of informants. As a result, some critics say, the new federal police force not only
lacks the intelligence it once had, but is full of disgruntled officers and commanders who have lost their positions or, in some cases, their sources
of graft.
One of those officers was José Antonio Martín Montes Garfias, the man whom investigators accuse of hiring an assassin to kill Commissioner Millán.
Officer Montes Garfias had long worked at Mexico City’s international airport, one of the main entry points for cocaine and chemicals used to make
methamphetamine, and he was suspected of
protecting shipments for the Sinaloa Cartel. Commissioner Millán had him transferred.
The police also say Mr. Montes Garfias had a hand in the killing of Roberto Velasco Bravo, the chief of the organized crime division in the public
security department, on May 1. When he was arrested, Mr. Montes Garfias had documents from several cars used by other top-ranking
federal police officials, showing names, license plates and models.
Prosecutors say corrupt officers also tipped off gunmen who killed Omar Ramírez, a high-ranking A.F.I. commander, last September as he drove on a busy
street in downtown Mexico City. Mr. Ramírez had left his office for an urgent meeting at an unusual hour, yet the gunmen
knew his route. Prosecutors say he was killed for making too much progress in investigating the Gulf Cartel.
Yet some police commanders say corrupt officers are less of a
problem than the lack of information about drug dealers. They also complain that the intelligence arms of the military and the police do not share
information until they are on the point of making a raid, for fear of leaks.
Commissioner Javier Herrera Valles oversaw President Calderón’s efforts to restore order in various states for 10 months until he was demoted last
February after openly criticizing the operations in a letter to the president.
Mr. Herrera maintains that the federal police are acting on wisps of information, like tips from anonymous callers. They have very little hard
evidence from undercover officers, wiretaps or surveillance. The operations consist mostly of stopping trucks at checkpoints and endless patrols
through neighborhoods, he said.
“They don’t have any good intelligence gathering,” he said in aninterview. “We were patrolling without any direction. Going in circles, nothing else.”
Mr. Calderón and his top security officials disagree. They point out that the government has made record seizures of cocaine, marijuana and caches of
arms over the last year and a half. They have also arrested scores of people alleged to be hired guns for the cartels, along with a handful of
high-level drug dealers.
Antonio Guzmán, who commands the 640 federal agents sent in recent weeks to Sinaloa to hunt the gang leaders believed to have been behind Commissioner
Millán’s killing, denied that the killings of police officials had dampened his officers’ spirits.
“It hasn’t affected morale,” Mr. Guzmán said as he patrolled the streets at the head of a column of four pickups full of heavily armed officers in
black garb with machine guns and flak jackets. “We know what we are getting into here. If anything we have more desire to win,
because we cannot permit this to continue.”
He acknowledged the leaders of the Sinaloa gangs were probably long gone, having fled to the mountains or to other states. He said the real reason his
force had been sent in was to instill confidence in residents that the government could protect them.
Yet residents said the patrols and checkpoints only helped as long as they were there. Several said that the drug dealers in the neighborhood were
well known, but that no one dares name them to the police. “We don’t mess with them,” said Wilfredo Valenzuela, 35, a mechanic.
Alma Rosa Camacho López, 42, the janitor at a local grade school, said that as soon as the federal officers leave, the drug dealers come out of
hiding. “We need the government to be on top of these people all the time,” she said. “When they leave the same problem will come back
and we will be in the same fix as before.”
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Iflyfish
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Very interesting post. We are having a discussion of this issue under the topic of Mexico in risk of becoming a failed state?
Thanks for posting this.
Iflyfish
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lizard lips
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Bush administration officials have said Mr. Calderón’s efforts might founder unless the United States Congress approves a $1.4 billion package of
equipment and training over
three years for Mexico’s police.
Just exactly who they will be training--The wolf and the sheep or just the wolf................
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DENNIS
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| Quote: | Originally posted by lizard lips
Just exactly who they will be training--The wolf and the sheep or just the wolf................ |
How can they be seperated? Remember the drug czar of the Mexican government, Robello? He was number one clean and number one dirty at the same
time.
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Woooosh
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This plan to help with anti-drug training and high-tech equipment has been out there for a while before Calderon took office. The US was willing to
help, but didn't know who to trust at the time. They waited, and now trust Calderon's team I guess because it's for a whole lot more money than
before. We didn't learn from our experinces with anti-drug paramilitary teraining in Columbia I guess...
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Bruce R Leech
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| Quote: | Originally posted by CasaManzana
Bush administration officials have said Mr. Calderón’s efforts might founder unless the United States Congress approves a $1.4 billion package of
equipment and training over
three years for Mexico’s police.
” |
I disagree with this. why should the USA send 1 more buck to Mexico when Mexico took all of the lottery money that was for education and build pro.
sports stadiums with it. money never goes where it is supposed to in Mexico
It could be 1.4 Billion that goes strait to the cartels.
Bruce R Leech
Ensenada
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DENNIS
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| Quote: | Originally posted by Bruce R Leech
I disagree with this. why should the USA send 1 more buck to Mexico when Mexico took all of the lottery money that was for education and build pro.
sports stadiums with it. money never goes where it is supposed to in Mexico
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Not trying to argue with you Bruce but, it reminds me of the California lottery money that was to go towards the schools. What happened with that?
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Bruce R Leech
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| Quote: | Originally posted by DENNIS
| Quote: | Originally posted by Bruce R Leech
I disagree with this. why should the USA send 1 more buck to Mexico when Mexico took all of the lottery money that was for education and build pro.
sports stadiums with it. money never goes where it is supposed to in Mexico
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Not trying to argue with you Bruce but, it reminds me of the California lottery money that was to go towards the schools. What happened with that?
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excellent point Dennis. and another one is the USA cant get a foothold in there own drug problem, what makes anyone think they are going to make any
difference in Mexico's
Bruce R Leech
Ensenada
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Woooosh
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I don't think the USA should take a role in stopping southbound arms shipments until Mexico installs border entry-checkpoints. I'll bet most guns
come right in through the ports of entry. I haven't gotten a red "revision" light in years.
Can Blackwater train the Mexicans? or Haliburton?
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rts551
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| Quote: | Originally posted by Woooosh
I don't think the USA should take a role in stopping southbound arms shipments until Mexico installs border entry-checkpoints. I'll bet most guns
come right in through the ports of entry. I haven't gotten a red "revision" light in years.
Can Blackwater train the Mexicans? or Haliburton? |
What???? thats right Whoooosshhheeeeyyyyy LETS ARM
THEM.
Give me a break.... You are an idiot
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DENNIS
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| Quote: | Originally posted by Woooosh
Can Blackwater train the Mexicans? or Haliburton? |
That's a good one. If somebody proved that Jesus Christ was an American, Mexico would cease to be a Christian country. Mexico will not openly take
guidance from her northern neighbor. No way. It's a matter of national pride. They need us but, they don't need us.
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fulano
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| Quote: | Originally posted by DENNIS
That's a good one. If somebody proved that Jesus Christ was an American, Mexico would cease to be a Christian country. Mexico will not openly take
guidance from her northern neighbor. No way. It's a matter of national pride. They need us but, they don't need us. |
Well, there's a lot of history behind that. Every time the US shook hands with Mexico, Mexico had to count its fingers.
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Iflyfish
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fulano
Good one! Shake, count fingers. I like that!
Iflyfish
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Eugenio
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It's not quite as simple as mexican cartels satiating US drug addicts appetites.
Anyone who thinks that the mexican drug cartels are not actively "pushing" their products on US streets (especially to youth) is a fool.
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Bajajack
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Back in the 80's if you bought coca in a large quantity in Phoenix and wanted to stay healthy you bought from the Sinaloa Cowboys.
Back then they were the little guys with the 38 Super, 10 gallon hats and 5 pound gold belt buckles.
It's changed somewhat over the years, nowdays we have the same little guys with a bald head, at least 2 square feet of gang tattoos, 2 Nine MM's and
an AK but now their the Sinaloa Cartel.
There are no Columbians left, they gave up and left town, that is what was left of them!
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