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JoeJustJoe
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| Quote: | Originally posted by BajaLuna
joerover, who knows how wide spread heroin is in Baja, the numbers in the U.S. are majorly manipulated...I don't know about Baja, but you can bet
nobody is being truthful anywhere, the spin gets rather comical....but ya know there's just too much at stake in the truth IE: tourism, image etc etc.
One of the drug stores in our town now sells foil behind the counter, because the addicts keep ripping it off. If it wasn't so sad it would be funny!
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I don't know if it's the addicts that are ripping off the drugs at the drug store, it's probably the meth producers/sellers that were ripping off or
buying a mass quantity of drugs like "Sudafed" at the drug store because those types of drugs have the active ingredient of "ephedrine" to make meth.
Again this is one of the main reason why junkies are turning to Heroin in the USA.
Mexico is starting to have a widespread problem with drug addiction, but it's nothing like the US and the USA's insatiable appetite for drugs, that
has the Mexican drug cartels falling all over themselves to serve Americans and their drug problems. For some people it's tough to get up in the
morning in the US and make it thought the work day without a little bit of something.
One thing I think will slow the heroin used in Mexico, is the Mexicans aversion to needles. Many Mexicans just hate needles, and this is is one of the
reasons why HIV/AID is that as widespread as some of the other countries where sharing needles and drugs is more common.
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Skeet/Loreto
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A very good Post on Addiction.
The Big Question?
What do we as a Free Society do about it??
Years ago Boose was a problem and Society put come Control over the Selling and it does not seem to me as near a Problem as DOPE.
Where do we Start?? Make Pot Legal and treat it like Boose??
Those on Herion Addiction taken away to Large Prison?Rehab? Centers treated and released if successful??
Kill all the Supliers. Destroy all Places making the Products for herion??
Start Programs early in schools??
What are your Ideas ???
Skeet/Loreto
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BajaLuna
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heroin addicts ripping off foil because they use foil to smoke it, this is of course before they become intravenous users which most do become
eventually.
Yes, for sure JoetoJoe, the dealers/producers rip the ingredients off from the stores to make meth but big time meth operations just order it online,
sure they are cracking down on that, but criminals will always find a way to break the law.
100% agree, the U.S. has an insatiable appetite for pills, heroin, meth, all of it. Hey JoetoJoe, you and I finally agreed on something!!
Like I said, we can't put a band aid on the problem with just dealing with the supply end of it...it's all about the demand of addiction.
My view is, and from personal experience in my own family...and at the risk of sounding sexist...if we can help the Mothers...we can save the kids!
But until we get the moms clean...the kids will be all screwed up. Kids need healthy drug-free moms in order to have a shot in this world. There's
that old adage...when one in the family/village is sick, the whole family/village is sick. And it takes the village to help them get clean!
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DaliDali
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| Quote: | Originally posted by Skeet/Loreto
What are your Ideas ???
Skeet/Loreto |
Just saying NO would be as good a starting place as any.
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joerover
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an alcoholic is the only thing I can think of worse than herion
| Quote: |
After working in Recovery houses and being around addicts and drunks my personal observation is. A alcoholic maintains some degree of self respect
whereas a addict will sell his soul for another fix. |
[Edited on 11-19-2013 by joerover]
the fat lady is breeding
which means
The fat ladys are breeding
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neilm81301
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The poppies grow so well in Afghanistan...
... I wonder why they don't grow it in California. The CA poppy, a different variety, is the state flower, right?
I've wondered this about coca, too - wouldn't it grow well in the Pac. Northwest?
I've read the British introduced opium to China, (from India & Afghanistan), to increase trade. The Chinese are hard as hell on narcos; we give
them a few years in the pen, the Chinese give them life - a short one! Maybe that approach, coupled with an enhanced rehab system, would work.
Neil
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joerover
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How far up the chain of command does the heroin dealer need to look to find his boss?
It has taken me some years to realize how wide spread it is. From the girl that works at the airport, (the one who goofed your ticket to one way,)
too the Federal employee that stole your $100 because your ?¿?¿? was not in order. I had a friend that was a heroin addict for 15 years before I
found out. They know how to hide it. I found out when I walked in his house and found him unconscious on his couch with a needle in his arm. He
was a mechanic at the Mercedes place, not a dirt ball wino from under the bridge.
anyone got a photo of a poppy so people know what to kill in there travels?
the fat lady is breeding
which means
The fat ladys are breeding
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joerover
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most crime in Mexico is heroin related.
the fat lady is breeding
which means
The fat ladys are breeding
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joerover
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| Quote: | Originally posted by Skeet/Loreto
A very good Post on Addiction.
The Big Question?
What do we as a Free Society do about it??
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kill every poppie
the fat lady is breeding
which means
The fat ladys are breeding
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joerover
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| Quote: |
Start Programs early in schools??
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works well
the fat lady is breeding
which means
The fat ladys are breeding
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BajaLuna
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Skeet, it's such a vicious cycle, because when you incarcerate them then they get out clean but can't easily get a good job because they now have a
felony, so they go back to dealing to survive. Sure there are many companies who hire felons, and programs to get them jobs, but the majority of good
companies wont touch someone who has burglary etc on their record. As a society we don't exactly make it easy for them to stay clean, get good jobs,
and become productive members of society, quite the contrary.
The "just say no program" didn't really work according to the feedback on that program, but perhaps different school programs can, I still think early
education on this subject is a good thing. But addiction is genetic too, so there's that to deal with as well. And when a child is raised, not most
but the majority, in a drug laden environment, chances are they become addicts too.
What's the answer? One is that Society needs to get honest with itself, and we need to stop looking the other way, and reach out. There is so much
shame surrounding addiction, and until we can get honest with ourselves as a country, as a society, and stop downgrading addicts/addiction as if it is
some weakness, and all ya need to do is buck up, and when we stop looking at things as US vs THEM, those low-lifes over there, those loosers that are
just unproductive members of society, until we release our attitude about addiction I'm afraid it won't get better any time soon. Compassion goes a
long ways! There is such a negative stigma with addiction...when in fact it's pretty safe to say, it effects just about every family in one form or
the other. Many say addiction is a shame-based disease, and we gotta address that as well.
Heroin is coming from other countries, yes let's stop that, but then again that opens up a whole other can of frijoles!! Someone, somewhere, looks the
other way to get it in...and makes hella cheese on the USA's appetite for heroin! Who exactly IS making all of this money???? And keeping the supply
steadily coming in??? Can you really have THIS much heroin coming into a country that supposedly has systems in place not to let it through? Sure I
could see some slipping through the cracks, but we are now at epidemic proportions. I dunno, but something is fishy! Meth is locally made in towns
throughout the USA and I'm sure Baja too, but heroin is imported. Hmm destroy all the places growing heroin, isn't that what they've been telling us
they have been doing all these years??? I mean we even have seen fields burning on the news! Yep lighting them on fire and burning them...yeah right!
I don't know the answers, all I know is we are destroying ourselves as a society from within because of meth and heroin! And it's all of our problem!
Act locally, that's the best we can do!
BTW, Pot IS legal where I live!
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monoloco
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Registered: 7-13-2009
Location: Pescadero BCS
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| Quote: | Originally posted by Skeet/Loreto
A very good Post on Addiction.
The Big Question?
What do we as a Free Society do about it??
Years ago Boose was a problem and Society put come Control over the Selling and it does not seem to me as near a Problem as DOPE.
Where do we Start?? Make Pot Legal and treat it like Boose??
Those on Herion Addiction taken away to Large Prison?Rehab? Centers treated and released if successful??
Kill all the Supliers. Destroy all Places making the Products for herion??
Start Programs early in schools??
What are your Ideas ???
Skeet/Loreto |
Here's some info Skeet, it turns out that many more people die from legal drugs and alcohol
than from illegal drugs:
Annual Causes of Death in the United States
Related Chapter:
Overdose
For facts about specific drugs, here's a list of Controlled Substance sections.
(Annual Causes of Death, By Cause)
Cause of death (Data from 2010 unless otherwise noted) Number
All Causes 2,468,435
Diseases of Heart 780,213
Malignant Neoplasms [Cancer] 574,743
Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases 138,080
Cerebrovascular Diseases 129,476
Accidents (Unintentional Injuries) [Total] 120,859
Motor Vehicle Accidents [subset of Total Accidents] 35,332
Alzheimer's Disease 83,494
Diabetes Mellitus 69,071
Nephritis, Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephrosis 50,476
Influenza and Pneumonia 50,097
Drug-Induced Deaths1 40,393
Intentional Self-Harm (Suicide) 38,364
Septicemia 34,812
Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis 31,903
Firearm Injuries 31,672
Essential Hypertension and Hypertensive Renal Disease 26,634
Alcohol-Induced Deaths 25,692
Parkinson's Disease 22,032
Pneumonitis Due to Solids and Liquids 17,011
Homicide 16,259
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) 8,369
Viral hepatitis 7,564
All Illicit Drugs Combined (2000)2 17,0002
Cannabis (Marijuana)3 0
2010 Drug Overdose Mortality Data In Detail as Reported By Paulozzi et al.4
Drug Overdose Total 38,329
Pharmaceutical Drugs 22,134
Pharmaceutical Opioid Analgesics 16,651
1 "Drug" includes both legal and illegal drugs.
2 Mokdad, Ali H., PhD, James S. Marks, MD, MPH, Donna F. Stroup, PhD, MSc, Julie L. Gerberding, MD, MPH, "Actual Causes of Death in the United States,
2000," Journal of the American Medical Association, (March 10, 2004), G225 Vol. 291, No. 10, 1242.
3 No recorded cases of overdose deaths from cannabis have been found in extensive literature reviews, see for example Gable, Robert S., "The Toxicity
of Recreational Drugs," American Scientist (Research Triangle Park, NC: Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society, May-June 2006) Vol. 94, No. 3, p.
207.
4 Paulozzi et al analyzed mortality figures and found that of 38,329 drug overdose deaths then reported in 2010, pharmaceutical drugs accounted for
22,134 deaths, of which 16,651 were opiod analgesic overdoses. The data was apparently revised slightly between the time the research letter was
published in JAMA (February 2013) and release of the CDC's Deaths: Final Data for 2010 publication report, officially dated May 8, 2013.
Source: Sherry L. Murphy, BS; Jiaquan Xu, MD; and Kenneth D. Kochanek, MA, Division of Vital Statistics, "Deaths: Final Data for 2010," (Atlanta, GA:
Centers for Disease Control), Vol. 61, Number 4, May 8, 2013, Tables 9 and 10.
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr61/nvsr61_04.pdf
Christopher M. Jones, PharmD, Karin A. Mack, PhD, and Leonard J. Paulozzi, MD, "Pharmaceutical Overdose Deaths, United States, 2010," Journal of the
American Medical Association, February 20, 2013, Vol 309, No. 7, p. 658.
http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1653518
(Drug Overdose Deaths and Pharmaceutical Drugs, 2010) "In 2010, there were 38,329 drug overdose deaths in the United States; most (22 134; 57.7%)
involved pharmaceuticals; 9429 (24.6%) involved only unspecified drugs. Of the pharmaceutical-related overdose deaths, 16,451 (74.3%) were
unintentional, 3780 (17.1%) were suicides, and 1868 (8.4%) were of undetermined intent. Opioids (16,651; 75.2%), benzodiazepines (6497; 29.4%),
antidepressants (3889; 17.6%), and antiepileptic and antiparkinsonism drugs (1717; 7.8%) were the pharmaceuticals (alone or in combination with other
drugs) most commonly involved in pharmaceutical overdose deaths. Among overdose deaths involving opioid analgesics, the pharmaceuticals most often
also involved in these deaths were benzodiazepines (5017; 30.1%), antidepressants (2239; 13.4%), antiepileptic and antiparkinsonism drugs (1125;
6.8%), and antipsychotics and neuroleptics (783; 4.7%)."
Source: Christopher M. Jones, PharmD, Karin A. Mack, PhD, and Leonard J. Paulozzi, MD, "Pharmaceutical Overdose Deaths, United States, 2010," Journal
of the American Medical Association, February 20, 2013, Vol 309, No. 7, p. 658.
http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1653518
(Polydrug Involvement in Pharmaceutical Overdose Deaths in the US, 2010) "Opioids were frequently implicated in overdose deaths involving other
pharmaceuticals. They were involved in the majority of deaths involving benzodiazepines (77.2%), antiepileptic and antiparkinsonism drugs (65.5%),
antipsychotic and neuroleptic drugs (58.0%), antidepressants (57.6%), other analgesics, antipyretics, and antirheumatics (56.5%), and other
psychotropic drugs (54.2%). Among overdose deaths due to psychotherapeutic and central nervous system pharmaceuticals, the proportion involving only a
single class of such drugs was highest for opioids (4903/16 651; 29.4%) and lowest for benzodiazepines (239/6497; 3.7%)."
Source: Christopher M. Jones, PharmD, Karin A. Mack, PhD, and Leonard J. Paulozzi, MD, "Pharmaceutical Overdose Deaths, United States, 2010," Journal
of the American Medical Association, February 20, 2013, Vol 309, No. 7, p. 658.
http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1653518
(Role of Psychopharmaceuticals in Overdose Deaths) "This analysis confirms the predominant role opioid analgesics play in pharmaceutical overdose
deaths, either alone or in combination with other drugs. It also, however, highlights the frequent involvement of drugs typically prescribed for
mental health conditions such as benzodiazepines, antidepressants, and antipsychotics in overdose deaths. People with mental health disorders are at
increased risk for heavy therapeutic use, nonmedical use, and overdose of opioids.4-6 Screening, identification, and appropriate management of such
disorders is an important part of both behavioral health and chronic pain management."
Source: Christopher M. Jones, PharmD, Karin A. Mack, PhD, and Leonard J. Paulozzi, MD, "Pharmaceutical Overdose Deaths, United States, 2010," Journal
of the American Medical Association, February 20, 2013, Vol 309, No. 7, p. 659.
http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1653518
(Opioid Deaths) "From 1999 to 2007, the number of U.S. poisoning deaths involving any opioid analgesic (e.g., oxycodone, methadone, or hydrocodone)
more than tripled, from 4,041 to 14,459, or 36% of the 40,059 total poisoning deaths in 2007. In 1999, opioid analgesics were involved in 20% of the
19,741 poisoning deaths. During 1999–2007, the number of poisoning deaths involving specified drugs other than opioid analgesics increased from 9,262
to 12,790, and the number involving nonspecified drugs increased from 3,608 to 8,947."
Source: "Number of Poisoning Deaths* Involving Opioid Analgesics and Other Drugs or Substances — United States, 1999–2007," Morbidity and Mortality
Weekly Report, August 20, 2010, Vol. 59, No. 32 (Atlanta, GA: US Centers for Disease Control), p. 1026.
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/wk/mm5932.pdf
(Opiate Pain Reliever OD Deaths) "During 1999–2008, overdose death rates, sales, and substance abuse treatment admissions related to OPR increased in
parallel (Figure 2). The overdose death rate in 2008 was nearly four times the rate in 1999. Sales of OPR in 2010 were four times those in 1999."
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, "Vital Signs: Overdoses of Prescription Opioid Pain Relievers — United States, 1999–2008,"
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (Atlanta, GA: 2011), Vol. 60, No. 43, p. 1488.
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/wk/mm6043.pdf
(MDMA Mortality Risk) "Schifano et al. (2010) analysed the government data on recreational stimulant deaths in the UK between 1997 and 2007. Over this
period, there were 832 deaths related to amphetamine or methamphetamine and 605 deaths related to Ecstasy/MDMA. Many were related to multiple-drug
ingestion or ‘polydrug’ use. However, in the analysis of ‘mono-intoxication’ fatalities, Schifano et al. (2010) found that deaths following Ecstasy
use were significantly more represented than deaths following amphetamine/methamphetamine use (p < 0.007)."
Source: Parrott, Andrew C., "Human Psychobiology of MDMA or 'Ecstasy': An Overview of 25 Years of Empirical Research," Human Psychopharmacology:
Clinical and Experimental, 2013; 28:289-307. DOI: 10.1002/hup.2318
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hup.2318/pdf
(Prescription Drug ODs) "In 2008, a total of 36,450 deaths were attributed to drug overdose, a rate of 11.9 per 100,000 population (Table 1), among
which a drug was specified in 27,153 (74.5%) deaths. One or more prescription drugs were involved in 20,044 (73.8%) of the 27,153 deaths, and OPR were
involved in 14,800 (73.8%) of the 20,044 prescription drug overdose deaths."
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, "Vital Signs: Overdoses of Prescription Opioid Pain Relievers — United States, 1999–2008,"
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (Atlanta, GA: 2011), Vol. 60, No. 43, p. 1488.
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/wk/mm6043.pdf
(Global Estimated Drug-Related Mortality, 2011) "UNODC estimates that there were between 102,000 and 247,000 drug-related deaths in 2011,
corresponding to a mortality rate of between 22.3 and 54.0 deaths per million population aged 15-64. This represents between 0.54 per cent and 1.3 per
cent of mortality from all causes globally among those aged 15-64.20 The extent of drug-related deaths has essentially remained unchanged globally and
within regions."
Source: UNODC, World Drug Report 2013 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.13.XI.6), p. 10.
https://www.unodc.org/unodc/secured/wdr/wdr2013/World_Drug_R...
(Marijuana Mortality) "Indeed, epidemiological data indicate that in the general population marijuana use is not associated with increased mortality."
Source: Janet E. Joy, Stanley J. Watson, Jr., and John A Benson, Jr., "Marijuana and Medicine: Assessing the Science Base," Division of Neuroscience
and Behavioral Research, Institute of Medicine (Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1999), p. 109.
http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?isbn=0309071550&page=109
(Alcohol Mortality and Other Annual Costs in the US) "Excessive alcohol use* accounted for an estimated average of 80,000 deaths and 2.3 million years
of potential life lost (YPLL) in the United States each year during 2001–2005, and an estimated $223.5 billion in economic costs in 2006. Binge
drinking accounted for more than half of those deaths, two thirds of the YPLL, and three quarters of the economic costs."
* Excessive alcohol use includes binge drinking (defined by CDC as consuming four or more drinks per occasion for women or five or more drinks per
occasion for men), heavy drinking (defined as consuming more than one drink per day on average for women or more than two drinks per day on average
for men), any alcohol consumption by pregnant women, and any alcohol consumption by youths aged less than 21 years.
Source: Kanny, Dafna; Garvin, William S.; and Balluz, Lina, "ital Signs: Binge Drinking Prevalence, Frequency, and Intensity Among Adults — United
States, 2010," Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, January 13, 2012) Vol. 61, No. 1, p.
14.
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/wk/mm6101.pdf
(Alcohol-Attributable Cancer Deaths and Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL) in the US) "Overall, we found that alcohol use accounted for approximately
3.5% of all cancer deaths, or about 19 500 persons, in 2009. It was a prominent cause of premature loss of life, with each alcohol-attributable cancer
death resulting in about 18 years of potential life lost. Although cancer risks were greater and alcohol-attributable cancer deaths more common among
persons who consumed an average of more than 40 grams of alcohol per day (‡ 3 drinks), approximately 30% of alcohol-attributable cancer deaths
occurred among persons who consumed 20 grams or less of alcohol per day. About 15% of breast cancer deaths among women in the United States were
attributable to alcohol consumption."
Source: David E. Nelson, Dwayne W. Jarman, Jürgen Rehm, Thomas K. Greenfield, Grégoire Rey, William C. Kerr, Paige Miller, Kevin D. Shield, Yu Ye, and
Timothy S. Naimi. (2013). Alcohol-Attributable Cancer Deaths and Years of Potential Life Lost in the United States. American Journal of Public Health.
e-View Ahead of Print. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2012.301199
Abstract at http://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/abs/10.2105/AJPH.2012.3...
(Alcohol-Attributable Cancer Deaths in the US) "Our estimate of 19,500 alcohol-related cancer deaths is greater than the total number of deaths from
some types of cancer that receive much more prominent attention, such as melanoma or ovarian cancer,36 and it amounted to more than two thirds of all
prostate cancer deaths in 2009.36 Reducing alcohol consumption is an important and underemphasized cancer prevention strategy, yet receives
surprisingly little attention among public health, medical, cancer, advocacy, and other organizations in the United States, especially when compared
with efforts related to other cancer prevention topics such as screening, genetics, tobacco, and obesity."
Source: David E. Nelson, Dwayne W. Jarman, Jürgen Rehm, Thomas K. Greenfield, Grégoire Rey, William C. Kerr, Paige Miller, Kevin D. Shield, Yu Ye, and
Timothy S. Naimi. (2013). Alcohol-Attributable Cancer Deaths and Years of Potential Life Lost in the United States. American Journal of Public Health.
e-View Ahead of Print. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2012.301199
Abstract at http://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/abs/10.2105/AJPH.2012.3...
(Alcohol-Induced Mortality 2010) "In 2010, a total of 25,692 persons died of alcohol induced causes in the United States (Tables 10, 12 and 13). This
category includes deaths from dependent and nondependent use of alcohol, and also includes deaths from accidental poisoning by alcohol. It excludes
unintentional injuries, homicides, and other causes indirectly related to alcohol use, as well as deaths due to fetal alcohol syndrome (for a list of
alcohol-induced causes, see 'Technical Notes').
"The age-adjusted death rate for alcohol-induced causes for the total population increased 2.7 percent from 7.4 in 2009 to 7.6 in 2010 (Internet
Tables I-5 and I-6). For males, the age-adjusted death rate for alcohol-induced causes in 2010 was three times the rate for females. Compared with the
rate for the white population, the rate for the black population was 26.3 percent lower.
"Among the major race-sex and race-ethnic-sex groups, the age-adjusted death rate increased in 2010 from 2009 for white males (4.3 percent), AIAN
males (19.9 percent), and non-Hispanic white males (4.5 percent). No other major race-sex and race-ethnic-sex groups experienced significant changes."
Source: Sherry L. Murphy, BS; Jiaquan Xu, MD; and Kenneth D. Kochanek, MA, Division of Vital Statistics, "Deaths: Final Data for 2010," (Atlanta, GA:
Centers for Disease Control), Vol. 61, Number 4, May 8, 2013, p. 18.
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr61/nvsr61_04.pdf
(Suicide 2010) The US Centers for Disease Control reports that in 2010, there were a total of 38,364 deaths from suicide in the US.
Source: Sherry L. Murphy, BS; Jiaquan Xu, MD; and Kenneth D. Kochanek, MA, Division of Vital Statistics, "Deaths: Final Data for 2010," (Atlanta, GA:
Centers for Disease Control), Vol. 61, Number 4, May 8, 2013, Table 10.
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr61/nvsr61_04.pdf
(Drug-Induced Deaths 2010) "In 2010, a total of 40,393 persons died of drug-induced causes in the United States (Tables 10, 12 and 13). This category
includes deaths from poisoning and medical conditions caused by use of legal or illegal drugs, and also includes deaths from poisoning due to
medically prescribed and other drugs. It excludes unintentional injuries, homicides, and other causes indirectly related to drug use, as well as
newborn deaths due to the mother's drug use. (For a list of drug-induced causes, see 'Technical Notes.' See also the discussion of poisoning mortality
that uses the more narrow definition of poisoning as an injury in the section titled “Injury mortality by mechanism and intent.”)
"In 2010, the age-adjusted death rate for drug-induced causes for the U.S. population increased 2.4 percent from 12.6 in 2009 to 12.9 in 2010
(Internet Tables I-3 and I-4). For males in 2010, the age-adjusted death rate for drug-induced causes was 1.6 times the rate for females. The
age-adjusted death rate for black females was 45.6 percent lower than the rate for white females, and the rate for black males was 34.5 percent lower
than the rate for white males.
"Among the major race-sex and race-ethnic-sex groups in 2010 from 2009, the age-adjusted death rate for drug-induced causes increased significantly
for white males (2.3 percent), white females (6.5 percent), non-Hispanic white males (3.1 percent), and non-Hispanic white females (6.6 percent), and
decreased significantly for black males (6.5 percent), AIAN males (16.3 percent), and non-Hispanic black males (7.0 percent). Other major race-sex and
race-ethnic-sex groups did not change significantly."
Source: Sherry L. Murphy, BS; Jiaquan Xu, MD; and Kenneth D. Kochanek, MA, Division of Vital Statistics, "Deaths: Final Data for 2010," (Atlanta, GA:
Centers for Disease Control), Vol. 61, Number 4, May 8, 2013, pp. 17-18.
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr61/nvsr61_04.pdf
(Homicides 2010) The US Centers for Disease Control reports that in 2010, there were a total of 16,259 deaths by homicide in the US.
Source: Sherry L. Murphy, BS; Jiaquan Xu, MD; and Kenneth D. Kochanek, MA, Division of Vital Statistics, "Deaths: Final Data for 2010," (Atlanta, GA:
Centers for Disease Control), Vol. 61, Number 4, May 8, 2013, Table 10.
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr61/nvsr61_04.pdf
(Mortality Risk from MDMA Use) "Hall and Henry (2006) reviewed the medical scenarios and treatment options for physicians dealing with MDMA-related
medical emergencies: ‘Hyperpyrexia and multi-organ failure are now relatively well-known, other serious effects have become apparent more recently.
Patients with acute MDMA toxicity may present to doctors working in Anaesthesia, Intensive Care, and Emergency Medicine. A broad knowledge of these
pathologies and their treatment is necessary for those working in an acute medicine speciality’.
"Despite rapid medical intervention, some disorders are difficult to reverse and deteriorate rapidly, with occasional fatal outcomes (Schifano et al.,
2003). In an early report, Henry et al. (1992) described MDMA-induced fatalities in seven young party goers, whose body temperatures at the intensive
care unit ranged between 40 C and 43 C. The causes of death include various forms of organ failure. MDMA induces apoptosis, or programmed cell
death, in cultured liver cells (Montiel-Duarte et al., 2002), and another form of death is from acute liver failure (Smith et al., 2005). Other
fatalities result from cardiac arrest, brain seizure, ‘rhabdomyolysis’ or the destruction of skeletal muscle tissue, and ‘disseminated intravascular
coagulation’ or the failure of blood clotting—which results in uncontrollable bleeding through multiple sites (Henry et al., 1992; Hall and Henry,
2006)."
Source: Parrott, Andrew C., "Human Psychobiology of MDMA or 'Ecstasy': An Overview of 25 Years of Empirical Research," Human Psychopharmacology:
Clinical and Experimental, 2013; 28:289-307. DOI: 10.1002/hup.2318
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hup.2318/pdf
(Leading Causes of Death by Race/Ethnicity, 2008) The Centers for Disease Control reported that in 2008, HIV disease was the 25th leading cause of
death in the US for non-Hispanic whites, the 10th leading cause of death for non-Hispanic blacks, and the 17th leading cause of death for Hispanics.
Source: Heron, Melonie P., PhD, "Deaths: Leading Causes for 2008," National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 60, No. 6 (Hyattsville, MD: National Center
for Health Statistics, June 6, 2012), p. 12, Table E.
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr60/nvsr60_06.pdf
(Deaths and Serious Patient Outcomes from FDA-Approved Drugs) "These data describe the outcome of the patient as defined in U.S. reporting regulations
(21 CFR 310.305, 314.80, 314.98, 600.80) and Forms FDA 3500 and 3500A (the MedWatch forms). Serious means that one or more of the following outcomes
were documented in the report: death, hospitalization, life-threatening, disability, congenital anomaly and/or other serious outcome. Documenting one
or more of these outcomes in a report does not necessarily mean that the suspect product(s) named in the report was the cause of these outcomes."
AERS1 Patient Outcomes by Year
Year Death Serious
2000 19,445 153,818
2001 23,988 166,384
2002 28,181 159,000
2003 35,173 177,008
2004 34,928 199,510
2005 40,238 257,604
2006 37,465 265,130
2007 36,834 273,276
2008 49,958 319,741
2009 63,846 373,535
2010 82,724 471,291
Total 2000-2010 452,780 2,816,297
Total 2001-2005 162,508 959,506
Total 2006-2010 270,827 1,702,973
% Chg +66.7% +77.5%
1 AERS = Adverse Events Reporting System. This system managed by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) contains over four million reports of
adverse events and reflects data from 1969 to the present. Data from AERS are presented as summary statistics. These summary statistics cover data
received over the last ten years. These data are presented at the individual report level; some of the numbers may reflect duplicate reporting due to
factors such as follow-up reports received on a case or different persons reporting on the same patient case.
Source: "AERS Patient Outcomes by Year," Food and Drug Administration (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, March 31, 2010).
http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInforma...
(Illicit Drug Use) "Illicit drug use is associated with suicide, homicide, motor-vehicle injury, HIV infection, pneumonia, violence, mental illness,
and hepatitis. An estimated 3 million individuals in the United States have serious drug problems. Several studies have reported an undercount of the
number of deaths attributed to drugs by vital statistics; however, improved medical treatments have reduced mortality from many diseases associated
with illicit drug use. In keeping with the report by McGinnis and Foege, we included deaths caused indirectly by illicit drug use in this category. We
used attributable fractions to compute the number of deaths due to illicit drug use. Overall, we estimate that illicit drug use resulted in
approximately 17000 deaths in 2000, a reduction of 3000 deaths from the 1990 report."
Source: Mokdad, Ali H., PhD, James S. Marks, MD, MPH, Donna F. Stroup, PhD, MSc, Julie L. Gerberding, MD, MPH, "Actual Causes of Death in the United
States, 2000," Journal of the American Medical Association, (March 10, 2004), G225 Vol. 291, No. 10, 1242.
http://www.csdp.org/research/1238.pdf
(Homicide Rates - International Comparisons, 2010) "The homicide rate in the Americas is, at 15.6 per 100,000, more than double the world average
(figure 1.3), while, at 17.4 per 100,000, Africa has the highest rate among all regions, although it also has the largest uncertainty range due to
large discrepancies between criminal justice and public health data.4 Asia falls between 2.4 and 4.3 per 100,000, and both Europe and Oceania also
fall below the global average at 3.5 per 100,000, respectively."
Source: UN Office on Drugs and Crime, "2011 Global Study on Homicide," 2011, p. 21.
http://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/statistics/...
(Leading Causes of Death 2000) "The leading causes of death in 2000 were tobacco (435,000 deaths; 18.1% of total US deaths), poor diet and physical
inactivity (400,000 deaths; 16.6%), and alcohol consumption (85,000 deaths; 3.5%). Other actual causes of death were microbial agents (75,000), toxic
agents (55,000), motor vehicle crashes (43,000), incidents involving firearms (29,000), sexual behaviors (20,000), and illicit use of drugs (17,000)."
Note: According to a correction published by the Journal on January 19, 2005, "On page 1240, in Table 2, '400,000 (16.6)' deaths for 'poor diet and
physical inactivity' in 2000 should be '365,000 (15.2).' A dagger symbol should be added to 'alcohol consumption' in the body of the table and a
dagger footnote should be added with 'in 1990 data, deaths from alcohol-related crashes are included in alcohol consumption deaths, but not in motor
vehicle deaths. In 2000 data, 16,653 deaths from alcohol-related crashes are included in both alcohol consumption and motor vehicle death categories."
Source: Mokdad, Ali H., PhD, James S. Marks, MD, MPH, Donna F. Stroup, PhD, MSc, Julie L. Gerberding, MD, MPH, "Actual Causes of Death in the United
States, 2000," Journal of the American Medical Association, (March 10, 2004), G225 Vol. 291, No. 10, p. 1238, 1240.
http://proxy.baremetal.com/csdp.org/research/1238.pdf
Source for Correction: Journal of the American Medical Association, Jan. 19, 2005, Vol. 293, No. 3, p. 298.
(Adverse Drug Reactions) "Adverse drug reactions are a significant public health problem in our health care system. For the 12,261,737 Medicare
patients admitted to U.S. hospitals, ADRs were projected to cause the following increases: 2976 deaths, 118,200 patient-days, $516,034,829 in total
charges, $37,611,868 in drug charges, and $9,456,698 in laboratory charges. If all Medicare patients were considered, these figures would be 3 times
greater."
Source: C. A. Bond, PharmD, FASHP, FCCP, and Cynthia L. Raehl, PharmD, FASHP, FCCP, Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech
University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, "Adverse Drug Reactions in United States Hospitals" Pharmacotherapy, 2006;26(5):601-608.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16637789
(Adverse Drug Reaction Deaths) "Our study revealed that experiencing an ADR [Adverse Drug Reaction] while hospitalized substantially increased the
risk of death (1971 excess deaths, OR 1.208, 95% CI 1.184-1.234). This finding reflects about a 20% increase in mortality associated with an ADR in
hospitalized patients. Extrapolating this finding to all patients suggests that 2976 Medicare patients/year and 8336 total patients/year die in U.S.
hospitals as a direct result of ADRs; this translates to approximately 1.5 patients/hospital/year."
Source: C. A. Bond, PharmD, FASHP, FCCP and Cynthia L. Raehl, PharmD, FASHP, FCCP, "Adverse Drug Reactions in United States Hospitals,"
Pharmacotherapy, 2006;26(5):601-608.
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/531809
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16637789
(Marijuana Safety - DEA Administrative Law Judge's Ruling)
"3. The most obvious concern when dealing with drug safety is the possibility of lethal effects. Can the drug cause death?
"4. Nearly all medicines have toxic, potentially lethal effects. But marijuana is not such a substance. There is no record in the extensive medical
literature describing a proven, documented cannabis-induced fatality.
"5. This is a remarkable statement. First, the record on marijuana encompasses 5,000 years of human experience. Second, marijuana is now used daily by
enormous numbers of people throughout the world. Estimates suggest that from twenty million to fifty million Americans routinely, albeit illegally,
smoke marijuana without the benefit of direct medical supervision. Yet, despite this long history of use and the extraordinarily high numbers of
social smokers, there are simply no credible medical reports to suggest that consuming marijuana has caused a single death.
"6. By contrast aspirin, a commonly used, over-the-counter medicine, causes hundreds of deaths each year.
"7. Drugs used in medicine are routinely given what is called an LD-50. The LD-50 rating indicates at what dosage fifty percent of test animals
receiving a drug will die as a result of drug induced toxicity. A number of researchers have attempted to determine marijuana's LD-50 rating in test
animals, without success. Simply stated, researchers have been unable to give animals enough marijuana to induce death.
"8. At present it is estimated that marijuana's LD-50 is around 1:20,000 or 1:40,000. In layman terms this means that in order to induce death a
marijuana smoker would have to consume 20,000 to 40,000 times as much marijuana as is contained in one marijuana cigarette. NIDA-supplied marijuana
cigarettes weigh approximately .9 grams. A smoker would theoretically have to consume nearly 1,500 pounds of marijuana within about fifteen minutes to
induce a lethal response.
"9. In practical terms, marijuana cannot induce a lethal response as a result of drug-related toxicity."
Source: US Department of Justice, Drug Enforcement Administration, "In the Matter of Marijuana Rescheduling Petition" (Docket #86-22), September 6,
1988, p. 56-57.
http://druglibrary.net/olsen/MEDICAL/YOUNG/young4.html
(Dangers of New Prescription Drugs) "Each year offers new examples of injuries and deaths caused by untoward dangers in prescription drugs. Prominent
illustrations from recent years include Vioxx, a popular arthritis painkiller that more than doubled the risk of heart attacks and strokes,6 a risk
that lingered long after users stopped taking the drug;7 'Phen-fen,' a diet drug that caused heart damage;8 and Propulsid, a drug that reduced gastric
acid but also threatened patients’ hearts.9 Once information on these side-effects became known to the public, the manufacturers of each of these
drugs stopped selling them and, eventually, paid millions or billions of dollars to settle claims for resulting injuries.10 Merck, for example, having
withdrawn the profitable Vioxx drug11 from the market in 2004, settled nearly 50,000 Vioxx cases in late 2007 for $4.85 billion.12 In 2009, Eli Lilly
agreed to plead guilty and pay $1.415 billion in criminal and civil penalties for promoting its antipsychotic drug, Zyprexa, as suitable for uses not
approved by the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”).13 These cases may be among the more prominent, but they represent just the tip of the iceberg of
damage caused by prescription drugs."
Source: Owen, David G., "Dangers in Prescription Drugs: Filling a Private Law Gap in the Healthcare Debate," Connecticut Law Review (Hartford, CT:
University of Connecticut School of Law, February 2010) Volume 42, Number 3, p. 737.
http://uconn.lawreviewnetwork.com/files/documents/DavidG.Owe...
(Acetaminophen-Related Liver Injury)
"... acetaminophen-related liver injury led to approximately
• 56,000 emergency department visits (1993–1999),
• 26,000 hospitalizations (1990–1999), and
• 458 deaths (1996–1998).
"Of these cases, unintentional acetaminophen overdose was associated with
• 13,000 emergency department visits (1993–1999),
• 2189 hospitalizations (1990–1999), and
• 100 deaths (1996–1998) (71 FR 77314 at 77318)."
Source: Federal Register, "Organ-Specific Warnings; Internal Analgesic, Antipyretic, and Antirheumatic Drug Products for Over-the-Counter Human Use;
Final Monograph," Vol. 74, No. 81, Wednesday, April 29, 2009, p. 19385.
http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2009-04-29/pdf/E9-9684.pdf
(NSAIDS) "Each year, use of NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) accounts for an estimated 7,600 deaths and 76,000 hospitalizations in the
United States." (NSAIDs include aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, ketoprofen, and tiaprofenic acid.)
Source: Robyn Tamblyn, PhD; Laeora Berkson, MD, MHPE, FRCPC; W. Dale Jauphinee, MD, FRCPC; David Gayton, MD, PhD, FRCPC; Roland Grad, MD, MSc; Allen
Huang, MD, FRCPC; Lisa Isaac, PhD; Peter McLeod, MD, FRCPC; and Linda Snell, MD, MHPE, FRCPC, "Unnecessary Prescribing of NSAIDs and the Management of
NSAID-Related Gastropathy in Medical Practice," Annals of Internal Medicine (Washington, DC: American College of Physicians, 1997), September 15,
1997, 127:429-438.
http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=710808
Citing: Fries, JF, "Assessing and understanding patient risk," Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology Supplement, 1992;92:21-4.
(Lethal Dose by Substance) "The most toxic recreational drugs, such as GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyrate) and heroin, have a lethal dose less than 10 times
their typical effective dose. The largest cluster of substances has a lethal dose that is 10 to 20 times the effective dose: These include cocaine,
MDMA (methylenedioxymethamphetamine, often called 'ecstasy') and alcohol. A less toxic group of substances, requiring 20 to 80 times the effective
dose to cause death, include Rohypnol (flunitrazepam or 'roofies') and mescaline (peyote cactus). The least physiologically toxic substances, those
requiring 100 to 1,000 times the effective dose to cause death, include psilocybin mushrooms and marijuana, when ingested. I’ve found no published
cases in the English language that document deaths from smoked marijuana, so the actual lethal dose is a mystery."
Source: Gable, Robert S., "The Toxicity of Recreational Drugs," American Scientist (Research Triangle Park, NC: Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research
Society, May-June 2006) Vol. 94, No. 3, p. 207.
http://www.americanscientist.org/libraries/documents/2006451...
- See more at: http://www.drugwarfacts.org/cms/Causes_of_Death#sthash.6fMhT...
"The future ain't what it used to be"
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Skeet/Loreto
Ultra Nomad
Posts: 4709
Registered: 9-2-2003
Member Is Offline
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Loco!
Causes of Addiction??
In my Young Days DOPERS and SMOKEing Pot was looked down own and they were "Shunded". Along came World War 2 and people had jobs and worked their
Butts off doing sll kinds of Jobs, saving their Money and also starting to use more Booze>
As the 60's came along and People had more Money and Time and the "If it Feels Good, Just Do it"' thing started as well as lettong other people take
care of the Children as Mothers went to work. Tiomothy Olerr. Dr. Spock and others spread their Trash all over our Country.
The Teaching of Morals went out the Window.
With our Culture as it is today-Greed and Money being important to lots of People, it is diffucult to know "What to do"??
What really bothers me is the Number of Children using Drugs that they Snitch out of their parents Cabinet. Here in The Texas Panhandle we are setting
up places where Parents can dispose of their Drugs and try to keep them out of the hands of their Children.
Some day it may go to a Culture of Military Control over all the DOPERS. The Good Folks will control all of the Money and Production, the Dopers will
live alone in their Filth. Who Knows??
The Bars have a certain amount of control over the Booze as the People stay in the Bars everynite and then go Home. Trouble is with the Driving.
Skeet
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mulegemichael
Super Nomad
Posts: 2310
Registered: 12-24-2007
Location: sequim,wa. and mulege
Member Is Offline
Mood: up on step
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luna...our family KNOWS, first hand, about the junkie thingy too and it's just so, so sad; put us through the wringer, to say the least....
dyslexia is never having to say you\'re yrros.
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Cisco
Ultra Nomad
Posts: 4196
Registered: 12-30-2010
Member Is Offline
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The narcotics industry has a turnover, estimated to be in excess of $1 trillion per annum. Put more simply, it is the largest industry in the world.
Ongoing international measures to eradicate this industry have largely proved futile, despite the billions spent.
Drugs have become a self-perpetuating industry that continues to create billionaire’s overnight. It is, by far, the most Laissez Faire enterprise of
them all, enjoying spectacular financial returns for relatively modest investment. Arguably, reason enough, to ensure that continuing calls to
legalize some types of soft drugs remain doomed to failure at the political level. Why kill the Golden Goose that effortlessly lays so many golden
eggs?
History increasingly suggests that the hidden reality was that it was not so much a “war on drugs,” as a “war for drugs.” A war, moreover, aimed at
winning the hearts and minds of those who live in embattled regions of the globe, by silently impoverishing, stupefying and killing those at home.
The innocent,, as always, are the major casualties of any war.
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mtgoat666
Select Nomad
Posts: 18140
Registered: 9-16-2006
Location: San Diego
Member Is Offline
Mood: Hot n spicy
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very few of us don't enjoy drugs (smoking, alcohol, etc.).
our brains are succeptible to addiction.
govt dollars are wasted fighting drugs.
better use of dollars would be to develop drugs that satisfy peoples brains, but are acceptable to society.
perhaps govt should develop and hand out free drugs as long as that makes people functional and eliminates drug-related crime.
need to spend govt dollars wisely, and in a way that acknowledges people will do what people do, perpetual war is stupid
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Barry A.
Select Nomad
Posts: 10007
Registered: 11-30-2003
Location: Redding, Northern CA
Member Is Offline
Mood: optimistic
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| Quote: | Originally posted by Cisco
The narcotics industry has a turnover, estimated to be in excess of $1 trillion per annum. Put more simply, it is the largest industry in the world.
Ongoing international measures to eradicate this industry have largely proved futile, despite the billions spent.
Drugs have become a self-perpetuating industry that continues to create billionaire’s overnight. It is, by far, the most Laissez Faire enterprise of
them all, enjoying spectacular financial returns for relatively modest investment. Arguably, reason enough, to ensure that continuing calls to
legalize some types of soft drugs remain doomed to failure at the political level. Why kill the Golden Goose that effortlessly lays so many golden
eggs?
History increasingly suggests that the hidden reality was that it was not so much a “war on drugs,” as a “war for drugs.” A war, moreover, aimed at
winning the hearts and minds of those who live in embattled regions of the globe, by silently impoverishing, stupefying and killing those at home.
The innocent,, as always, are the major casualties of any war. |
As a Federal Officer, I was intimately involved in the "war on drugs" for about 10 years in the late '80's and early '90's in N. CA, especially over
by the Coast-----------your last paragraph above is totally absurd, and I don't even know what you are talking about.
Barry
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Barry A.
Select Nomad
Posts: 10007
Registered: 11-30-2003
Location: Redding, Northern CA
Member Is Offline
Mood: optimistic
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| Quote: | Originally posted by mtgoat666
very few of us don't enjoy drugs (smoking, alcohol, etc.).
our brains are succeptible to addiction.
govt dollars are wasted fighting drugs.
better use of dollars would be to develop drugs that satisfy peoples brains, but are acceptable to society.
perhaps govt should develop and hand out free drugs as long as that makes people functional and eliminates drug-related crime.
need to spend govt dollars wisely, and in a way that acknowledges people will do what people do, perpetual war is stupid |
I smoked a pack a day of cigarettes for 40 years. One day I decided that it really was killing me to smoke, so overnite I quit, never to even have a
puff from that day forward. It is hard for me to comprehend "addiction"-----when you make up your mind to "quit", just do it.
Barry
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Cisco
Ultra Nomad
Posts: 4196
Registered: 12-30-2010
Member Is Offline
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| Quote: | Originally posted by Barry A.
| Quote: | Originally posted by Cisco
The narcotics industry has a turnover, estimated to be in excess of $1 trillion per annum. Put more simply, it is the largest industry in the world.
Ongoing international measures to eradicate this industry have largely proved futile, despite the billions spent.
Drugs have become a self-perpetuating industry that continues to create billionaire’s overnight. It is, by far, the most Laissez Faire enterprise of
them all, enjoying spectacular financial returns for relatively modest investment. Arguably, reason enough, to ensure that continuing calls to
legalize some types of soft drugs remain doomed to failure at the political level. Why kill the Golden Goose that effortlessly lays so many golden
eggs?
History increasingly suggests that the hidden reality was that it was not so much a “war on drugs,” as a “war for drugs.” A war, moreover, aimed at
winning the hearts and minds of those who live in embattled regions of the globe, by silently impoverishing, stupefying and killing those at home.
The innocent,, as always, are the major casualties of any war. |
As a Federal Officer, I was intimately involved in the "war on drugs" for about 10 years in the late '80's and early '90's in N. CA, especially over
by the Coast-----------your last paragraph above is totally absurd, and I don't even know what you are talking about.
Barry |
That is referencing a global level Barry. An example would be the Iran/Contra connection of third world production and the consequences to those folks
and first world (U.S.A.) consumption and the consequences we are experiencing here at home.
Multiply that by a thousand and you will get an idea of the world trade.
Certainly don't envy your efforts at controlling NoCal during that time period.
Those folks around RedWay and down to Petrolia were pretty serious about their product.
I also, like you, woke up one morning and said enough was enough. No withdrawal, just a big relief mentally and emotionally. That turned into the most
productive time of my life also.
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wessongroup
Platinum Nomad
Posts: 21152
Registered: 8-9-2009
Location: Mission Viejo
Member Is Offline
Mood: Suicide Hot line ... please hold
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Physical with drawl is an aspect which is substance specific ... some are harder to kick than others ... fentanyl took about 8 months for me ...
never again
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